Natalie Arnold's Blog

It was really only a matter of time before a…

nataliearnold — Tue, 06 Jul 2010 20:59:42 +0000

It was really only a matter of time before a label as enterprising as Marco Polo got round to unearthing Max von Schillings (18681933).
If he is remembered for anything it is probably his opera Mona Lisa first performed in Stuttgart in 1915 and thereafter enjoying some modest success. Politically, he was an enthusiastic member of the Nazi party in its early days.
As the most informative booklet points out, he only avoided the later excesses of the Nazis by conveniently dying in July 1933.
It is fascinating to hear one of his major works such as the Violin Concerto , composed in 1910.
It is heavily influenced by Richard Strauss and Wagner, but it is by no means absurdly derivative: in fact Schillings has quite a flair for arresting harmonic ideas. I am not so convinced about his melodic gifts in this work.
Anyone with taste for late-Romantic byways should enjoy this piece and though the 23-minute first movement is decidedly long for its material.
Even so and this is lush stuff indeed, well played by ErnÃ¶ Rosza and accompanied acceptably by the Kosice State PO under Alfred Walter.
The disc also includes an extract from one of Schillings’s earlier operas Moloch| , composed in 1906.
This is the “Harvest Festival” scene, which was apparently found pretty banal by the Dresden critics at the time of the premiÃ¨re.
I don’t really think much has changed in appropriate critical judgements since 1906, but it is an intriguing example of Schillings in triumphalist mood. The final piece is a dour symphonic poem inspired by Sophocles’s Oedipus .
It lacks the rich colours and harmonies of the Concerto , and has difficulty producing a single memorable idea during its 13 minutes. The new CD is well worth investigating for the Violin Concerto . It is a very long piece (probably too long) but contains some attractive ideas.
I am delighted to have heard anything worthwhile by Schillings, whose music I have known for some time in piano-vocal scores but have not encountered in performance. Full marks to Marco Polo for enterprise.
There is a substantial crowd of Schillings contemporaries waiting on library shelves awaiting discovery, and I am sure Marco Polo will bring us some of these.
Could I urge exploration of the Zemlinsky pupil Johanna MÃ¼ller-Hermann, whose String Quartet (once published by Universal Edition) looks intriguing?
Even more pressing in the need for recordings of the original left-hand versions of the Franz Schmidt piano works (three Quintets, a Concerto and the Beethoven Variations ).
Is anyone ever going to record these magnificent works in the form they were written?
And if Marco Polo feel like something less earnest, how about a first complete recording of Richard Heuberger’s glorious operetta Der Opernball ? [NS]
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Up until the 1950s, it was difficult for any human…

nataliearnold — Sun, 04 Jul 2010 06:14:28 +0000

Up until the 1950s, it was difficult for any human beings who suffered from an allergic response to cats to become cat owners, no matter how much they longed to share their lives with a feline companion.
But since then things have changed, and if they are prepared to go to a little trouble and expense they can now acquire a cat that will almost certainly give them no problems.
There are now two breeds of cat available that do not appear to cause allergic responses, which with an ordinary cat would lead to breathing difficulties and an asthmatic condition. The two breeds in question are the Cornish Rex and the Sphynx.
The Cornish Rex was discovered in 1950 when it was noticed that a cat with the unusual name of Kallibunker did not have normal feline fur.
Kallibunker’s coat was short and sparse and curly, and it was quickly realized that he might be the forerunner of an entirely new breed of pedigree cat.
This is indeed what happened and, from his humble Cornish origins, Kallibunker became the founding father of the Rex dynasty.
The remarkable feature of Kallibunker’s fur was that it completely lacked the usual long guard hairs found on all other cats.
These are the hairs that appear to cause the allergic response in human sufferers and so it looked as if the Rex would become the ideal breed for such people to own. Several who tried keeping the cats reported delightedly that this was the case.
Whether all asthmatics and allergy sufferers would find the Rex cat suitable has yet to be proved and since the breed has remained comparatively rare.
This is because, despite its great charm, it does look rather odd to most cat-lovers.
Those who have been able to overlook its skimpy fur, which gives it a gangling, half-naked appearance, insist that in personality it is a sheer delight and retaining an almost kittenish playfulness even when adult.
Some owners have claimed that their Cornish Rex cats wag their tails when pleased, like dogs, although this is hard to believe.
Nevertheless and this supposed trait and their tight, curly hair have given rise to the use of the name “Poodle cats” as a popular term for them.
Amazingly, cats with similar genes were found in Germany and when these were crossed with the Cornish Rex specimens they produced typical curly offspring. So the German Rex would also be a suitable cat for an allergy sufferer.
This does not apply, however and to the Devon Rex cat, another curly-coated breed, discovered in 1960, not far from the original Cornish Rex home.

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Left to their own devices and…

nataliearnold — Sun, 20 Jun 2010 01:08:21 +0000

Left to their own devices and these free radicals cause tissue damage.
Albin’s work has been spurred by the large number of road accident victims admitted to the hospital at the Health Science Center, many of whom have been drinking.
His research began several years ago with the design of an instrument for exerting pressure on the brains of anaesthetised experimental animals, and mimicking human brain damage during injury or stroke. The technique can continually measure how much pressure is being exerted.
Albin reported that DMSO was the most effective of seven methods used to treat the resulting brain damage.
In a later experiment, Albin found that brain injury could be five times greater when the damage was accompanied by a blood alcohol level of 200 micrograms per decilitre and twice the legal limit in the US.
His latest work and reported this week at a meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons in Washington , indicates that DMSO, administered intravenously, can reduce brain damage. Again, anaesthetised mongrel dogs were used in the experiment.
They were given ethanol for an hour prior to a blade being inserted into their right cortex.
Albin says it was used indiscriminately as a panacea for ailments such as rheumatism and sprains and kidney disorders, and intestinal conditions.
Consequently, its only approved use under-FDA regulations is in the treatment of cystitis.
Albin adds that DMSO seems to improve blood flow and levels of oxygen around the brain and could be used to restrict the effects of certain kinds of stroke. No nuclear protection for Navy’s volunteers
Mark Hewish
BRITAIN’S Ministry of Defence has decided not to protect the voluntary civilian crews of the Royal Navy’s new minesweepers against radioactive fallout, in order to save money.
This is despite the fact that the ships would, in war, have to sweep nuclear mines and operate from bases against which the Soviet Union would probably use nuclear bombs or missiles. The Royal Navy’s existing modern warships have what is known as a citadel.
The crew can seal off all vital areas of the ship during a nuclear war, preventing radioactive fall-out from entering the vessel.
Seals around the hatches provide a physical barrier, and air for breathing is filtered and so that the crew does not have to wear protective clothing.
“Pre-wetting” provides further protection ” jets of seawater spray all over the ship’s superstructure and so radioactive dust cannot settle.
The new Gem class of minesweepers will not have a citadel or a pre-wetting facility.
Nor will they carry a damage-control headquarters from where the crew would fight the fires that break out when a missile or bomb hits the ship.
Richards Shipbuilders has the first four Gem-class minesweepers under construction in its East Anglian yards at Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft. The first will join the fleet in just over a year.
The Royal Naval Reserve, composed of civilians who do regular training, would man the new minesweepers in wartime.
The ships will form the tenth mine countermeasures squadron, based at Rosyth on the Firth of forth, where they would attempt to keep the sea lanes clear for Britain’s nuclear hunter-killer submarines.

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Schyns has re-invented the old idea…

nataliearnold — Wed, 09 Jun 2010 23:54:57 +0000

Schyns has re-invented the old idea of a wheel with unbalanced spokes.
Twenty four spokes slide over a fixed cam and so that as they move they change length and unbalance the wheel.
The result and says the inventor, is that the wheel is permanently out of balance and forced to rotate. So it produces usable power for an electric generator, without any input.
Unfortunately, as with all other perpetual motion machines, it will grind to a halt because of friction in the moving parts.
The inventor will then find his very heavy investment in patent filing fees wasted. Smokey blues
ANDREW BOETTNER of California has filed a PCT application on a gadget to make life easier for singers in smokey nightclubs. It is a humidifier clipped to the microphone.
The device contains a carbon dioxide cylinder which released gas into a coiled chamber. A wick supplies the chamber with distilled water from a reservoir.
As the gas leaks out of the coiled chamber it picks up water and forms a mist around the singer’s head. It should last four hours and the inventor claims.
Let your calculator do the talking
A BRAZILIAN company has filed an international (PCT) application on a card calculator which identifies its owner. It is a security device for banking or shopping by telephone.
Application 82/04169, filed by Shause sA, describes a modification of calculators that emit different bleep tones when each key is pressed.
This one has a pre-programmed sequence, which corresponds to the owner’s individual code.

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THE past couple of years has seen…

nataliearnold — Fri, 04 Jun 2010 16:37:37 +0000

THE past couple of years has seen an explosion in the number of computing books on the shelves of even the most humble book shop. Publishers are rushing to get on the microcomputer bandwagon.
Few of these books, however, have any relevance to teaching undergraduate computer science as they normally restrict themselves to a single language on a single make of computer.
Anyone concerned with selecting a class book for teaching a language will face a wide choice of texts.
I have selected four books on ADA, a new language initiated by the United States Department of Defense and to illustrate the variety.
The first, An Introduction to Ada by S. J. Young, provides a solid systematic coursebook, with adequate examples, and would be a good basis for an academically orientated second-year course.
For a more pragmatic course a book such as Programming Embedded Systems with Ada by Valerie Downes and Stephen Goldsack would be suitable.
This uses a system for monitoring hospital patients to highlight the practical aspects of the language.
Because ADA is a new language and not really suitable for introductory teaching, many students will have learnt other languages first.
If they can be described as competent programmers, a book such as M. J. Stratford Collins’s Ada, A Programmer’s Conversion Course could be ideal. The final ADA book I examined was a disappointment.
Computer science is much more than just writing programs, and good books which combine systems understanding with language teaching are always welcome; Brian Mayoh’s Problem Solving with Ada attempts to do this.
It contains sections on high-level problem solving and tortoise (sic) graphics with no reference to LOGO, and various algorithms programmed in ADA. If the combination had worked it would have been a stimulating text. Unfortunately the book is too unstructured to be recommended.
Communication between people and computers is becoming increasingly important and selected topics should be included in all undergraduate courses.
I have therefore included three books on the “physical” interface and three on the “systems”interface.
Visual communication, via graphics terminals, is an exciting activity, and J. D. Foley and A. Van Dam’s Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics presents a mathematically difficult subject in an exciting way and deserves to become a major undergraduate text.
It is excellent value with good colour illustrations, many well-presented diagrams and an up-to-date bibliography. The reverse process involves the computer recognition of pictures.
This is covered in a relatively non-mathematical way by Ramakant Nevatia’s Machine Perception , but at four times the price per page of Foley’s book and students may be reluctant to buy it.
Now that anyone can buy speaking toys and such as Texas Instruments’s “Speak ‘n Spell”, it is essential to include some reference to talking computers in any undergraduate course.
Ian Witten’s Principles of Computer Speech is too detailed for general study, but could form the basis of a final-year option. Computers in Society by Nancy and Robert Stern is really two books in one cover.
The first half is a conventional “this is how a computer works” book explaining concepts such as binary numbers and punched cards at a secondary school level.
The second half is a useful elementary review of the impact computers are having in fields such as business, education, health and the arts.
Both halves have their merits, but together their appeal will be limited to those teachers of computer science, who if lecturing on the impact of motor traffic on society, would spend half the time on the way sparking plugs work.
This problem is not uncommon, as many books on computer applications, which might be suitable for undergraduate case studies, are padded out with material readily found in any good general introductory text.
Michael Aldrich does not make this mistake in Videotex ,Key to the Wired City This is a glossy paperback, with popular appeal, which could well form the basis of a case study for my own man/computer systems class next year.
I will be backing it up with information from Teletext and Videotext in the United States by J. Tydeman et al , who include detailed information relating to current technology and future development of such systems.

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Manchester, with colleagues Bruce Peterson and Pat Wallis, has now…

nataliearnold — Thu, 03 Jun 2010 18:45:58 +0000

Manchester, with colleagues Bruce Peterson and Pat Wallis, has now switched to the nearby Anglo-Australian optical telescope to look for pulses of light from this region of the sky.
By searching for flashes repeating at exactly the same rate as the radio pulses and they were able to investigate much fainter pulsations than if they had been looking for pulses occurring at an unknown rate.
In the hour before dawn, when the pulsar had risen above the horizon and the sky was still dark and they picked up pulsations at the correct rate ” and, as confirmation, found them again the following morning.
The flashes of light average out to a magnitude of 24.5, making the pulsar one of the faintest objects ever detected, about one hundred-millionth as faint as the dimmest stars visible to the unaided eye.
One of the pulsar’s original discoverers, Stanislav Djorjovski and reported finding a brighter star coinciding with the pulsar last November. He did not, however, detect any pulses.
The newly-discovered flashes could be weak fluctuations in this object.
But Manchester’s team has remeasured the position of this star and find it does not coincide with the radio position after all. The pulsar is probably a different object.
Andrew Lyne, who has been studying the millisecond pulsar from Jodrell Bank and told New Scientist “What will be interesting is to compare the arrival times of the optical pulses with the radio”.
The measurements require an accuracy in timing which is good to ten millionths of a second. Nuclear watchdog goes on trial
BRITAIN’S Nuclear Installations Inspectorate, which is responsible for ensuring the safety of nuclear power and this week puts its credibility on the line at the public inquiry into the Sizewell B reactor.
The inquiry, now ending 14 weeks in session, is examining the Central Electricity Generating Board’s plan to build a pressurised water reactor (PWR) at Sizewell in Suffolk.
The pressure group, Friends of the Earth, wants the safety part of the hearing to be adjourned until the inspectorate is prepared to issue a licence for the PWR.
But the inspectorate says it cannot possibly reach that stage until well into next year, long after the end of the inquiry.
The inquiry inspector, Sir Frank Layfield, must decide if Friends of the Earth’s challenge is valid.
The group based its objection on the assurance that had been given to parliament that the hearing would not be held until the inspectorate was satisfied with the PWR’s safety.
The chief inspector of nuclear installations, Ron Anthony, now admits that he expected the inquiry to open later in the licensing procedure ” which is independent of the inquiry’s deliberations.
He also says that the Central Electricity Generating Board has not satisfied the inspectorate on a number of issues.
In recent weeks there has been a war of claim and counter-claim between the board and the inspectorate about how far some of the key issues and such as fuel clad ballooning and the integrity of the steam generator and the reactor’s protection, have been resolved. Anthony admits and that the inspectorate’s judgement is on trial. France steps up search for cheap breeder

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One task he undertook was the preparation of a…

nataliearnold — Thu, 03 Jun 2010 08:19:35 +0000

One task he undertook was the preparation of a comprehensive account of current technology.
This project had been conceived by the Marquis de Colbert, one of Louis XIV’s ministers and soon after the foundation of the academie in 1666, although it was not until 1713 that Reaumur began work on the project. One area to which this drew Reaumur was iron and steel manufacture.
He conducted a lengthy series of experiments on the conversion of iron into steel, from which he concluded ” contrary to conventional wisdom ” that steel owed its properties not to its exceptional purity, but to the presence of impurities. Reaumur was concerned also with trying to make cast iron less brittle.
At the time, iron castings were often unreliable if subjected to stress, as in a gun barrel for example.
Reaumur knew that steel is more brittle than pure iron and connected this with the impurities in it.
He postulated that the brittleness of cast iron resulted from its even greater degree of impurity.
He experimented with materials which, when heated with cast iron, might combine with some of these impurities. Eventually, he found an ideal substance for improving cast iron’s malleability.
Unfortunately, he failed to recognise that it was the same as red iron ore, an abundant and in expensive material, Instead, he thought it was scarce ” and consequently expensive ” being obtainable only from a particular treatment of iron itself. Not until long after his death was this process commercialised.
Reaumur also worked extensively on ceramics, again because of the commercial potential. Shortly before his birth, a porcelain industry had begun to develop in France.
Unlike Chinese porcelain, very popular in Europe at the time and the french porcelain was made from a previously fired glassy mixture and rather than from feldspar and kaolin.
Reaumur received samples of these materials from China but, despite an intensive search, was unable to identify their equivalents in France.
He did, however, manage to show that the structures of the two types of porcelain were different.
Building on his studies, later technologists were able to duplicate the Chinese method and to establish the true porcelain manufacture for which France became justly renowned. Reaumur was also one of the great naturalists of his time.

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That is not its role in…

nataliearnold — Wed, 26 May 2010 17:22:02 +0000

That is not its role in life.
Governments have to behave differently.
Only then will they win the middle ground, and only then will they give their policies a chance to persist when they have moved out of office.
Fortunately, one or two civil servants realise that the government could build up trouble if it allows a whole generation to grow up with a dislike for nuclear weapons.
They have been thinking about the long-term future and have concluded that it will be very difficult to impose nuclear weapons on a population that is generally opposed to them. Politicians get away with this sort of behaviour only in totalitarian states.
At the moment, Mrs Thatcher and her ministers are playing the role they seem to like most and that of school bully ” they call it strong government. Naturally and the fair-minded British tend to side with the underdog.
For the first time in years nuclear weapons could well be an issue at the imminent general election.
Silly talk of linking arms around the Berlin wall just might make a few of the supporters of the SDP/Liberal Alliance ” whose nuclear policies are indistinguishable from the government’s and whose voting habits are more volatile than Conservatives’ ” opt for Mr Foot and his clear policy of unilateral disarmament. A worthy career
JIM (J.G.) CROWTHER, founding father of the craft of science journalism, died last week after a short illness. He was 84.
He was and through his books and contributions to journals and newspapers, a source of inspiration for numerous scientists, would-be scientists and general readers for more than 60 years.
Indeed, it may not be going too far to say that without J. G. Crowther New Scientist would not be here, certainly not in its present form.
Crowther’s concern that the lay press was weak in its coverage of science led him in 1928 to confront The Manchester Guardian’s legendary editor C. P. Scott with the quip that although there wasn’t such a profession as science journalism, he, J. G. Crowther, proposed to invent it. Scott took him on as scientific correspondent.
J. G. had no scientific degree, but his perceptive knowledge of scientists and their research and the needs of a daily newspaper made certain that he didn’t fail any of them.
J. G. spelt out his credo for the craft in a short note in his book An Outline of the Universe published in 1931: “… As a proper craft and scientific journalism is social.
It is becoming an essential binder in the structure of a civilisation created by the application of science to industry.

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From the above we can see that so long as investment…

nataliearnold — Wed, 19 May 2010 19:53:00 +0000

From the above we can see that so long as investment goods, particularly fixed assets, are being produced on an increased scale the effect on business conditions is favourable.
But as soon as they are used to expand the production of consumer goods they will actually cause business conditions to deteriorate.
The reason for this is that as soon as the opportunities for investing in fixed capital begins to diminish ” mainly because the capacity for producing consumer goods has been substantially expanded ” any further growth in the production of consumer goods would reduce their price, and “cet. par . ” the profits of the capitalists producing them would also decline.
The net result is that the slowdown in the production of fixed capital will also cause a reduction in the rate of growth of , or even its reduction to zero. At the same time, because of the expansion of capacity in Dept.
II and stocks of consumer goods may be growing or their prices no longer rising ” or no longer rising as rapidly as before ” and the new productive capacities are possibly just going to enter the production stream. All these signals would be sufficient to slow down the expansion of Dept. II.
if that happens at the peak of the boom it would be sufficient to precipitate a sudden and spectacular crisis.
The conditions would then be created for a rapid decline in the rate of surplus-value on capital advanced and the growth of unsold stocks of consumer goods, which would lead to a cessation of the expansion of fixed capital in Dept. II, and a further dramatic plunge in the production of fixed capital in Dept. I. Thus there begins a downward spiral into depression.
This and then, is an approximate sketch of Bukharin’s theory of disproportionality crisis.
It contains all the elements that have normally been placed at the centre of crisis theory in the Marxist tradition, i.e. the falling rate of profit, excess capital, excess commodities.
But instead of attempting to place any one of them in opposition to the others as the key feature, it integrates them all as being the expressions of the basic contradiction of capitalism and that is and the striving continually to expand production, and in particular the production of surplus-value, as opposed to the relatively restricted consuming power of the population.
As I have indicated and the material basis for this contradiction resides in the role of fixed capital in the classical cyclical movement of the capitalist economy.
In so far as we consider Bukharin’s theory of equilibrium in relation to his ideas on the theory of capitalist economic crisis we can see that contradiction is a key element in explaining it.
Perhaps we can say that capitalist equilibrium is made up of a series of moments of dis-equilibria.
This being the case, a crisis of capitalist economy is not a crisis of society in terms of the catastrophic visions of some of the early Marxists, but, on the contrary, crisis is a normal condition of its longer term equilibrium.

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It would be nice and too, if patients…

nataliearnold — Sun, 16 May 2010 19:49:42 +0000

It would be nice and too, if patients had an obligation to keep their side of the bargain.
In my own practice the equivalent of two complete surgery sessions of people fail to turn up each week without letting us know.
This means that other people have to wait longer than necessary to see a doctor; if we could charge non-attenders, as dentists do, it would help.
However, improvements such as this could have been introduced without going wholesale into a market economy for health with its inevitable two-tier system for general practice. The government claim that GP fund-holding has been a success. Of course it has; for the seven percent of the population covered by the scheme.
However, it has definitely produced an unequal system, whatever Mr. Waldegrave, and Mrs. Bottomley might say.
It would be very difficult, if not downright negligent, for such a scheme to fail when it has been overloaded with money.
The seven percent of the first wave fund-holders was allocated £14.5 million to set up the administrative side of the scheme, but the remaining 93 percent were given a total of £19 million in the 1991 autumn statement.
Non-fundholders have to wait ten weeks in Guildford for an ultra-sound scan; fund-holders can have one within two weeks.
Non-fundholders wait ten months for some outpatient appointments, fundholders can bring the consultant to the surgery to see the patient within a couple of weeks; this of course helps to get a quicker place on the operation waiting list.
Fund-holders can spend any budget savings on things such as new equipment, extra rooms and extra staff. Non-fundholders have to provide these facilities out of their own pockets.
The NHS was supposed to treat all equally but now it has become similar to the difference between first class and tourist class air travel.
We would all prefer to be in first, and becoming a fund-holder is a bit like a traveller being given the difference in the fare between the two classes. Who would then opt to stay in “tourist”?
No wonder GPs are queueing up to join, even though a recent BMA survey and shows that a lot are doing so with misgivings.
The scheme has been a success for fund-holders’ own patients, but detrimental to the rest.
The advantages that they are getting are admirable and important but reforms that only give these advantages to a select minority cannot be called fair. We all pay the same towards the NHS; should we not get equal benefits?
It will take at least ten years before all general practices can join the fund-holding scheme. This means ten years of persisting inequality.
In this country and quite rightly, people cannot be discriminated against on grounds of race and sex, or religion.
How strange and then and to bring in a scheme that disadvantages people in the basis of the status of their GP.

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